Tale of Two Cities Analys :: essays papers

Tale of both Cities AnalysGovernment has been an essential part to whatever civilization foras long as human kind has existed. People who disagree with thegovernment have also existed for just as long. Whether the thegovernment was so simple that the leader was the strongest inthe tribe, or whether the government was so complex that itinvolved thousands of people to bedevil one decision, it alwayswas challenged and eventually modificationd. The means of qualify arequite diverse. Assassination, protests, war, petitions, andmore are amongst the large list of means for governmentalreform. Revolution has also been a frequent method to try to achieve the desired change. Revolutions have made profoundimpacts in history, for both the better and for the worse.Charles Dickens is among those who believe revolution is not aefficient means for change of government, or social reform. Hisclassic novel, A Tale Of Two Cities, clear and profoundlyshows the negative impacts of revolting against the government,to the reader. He also shows the reader that there is abetter way to improve the government. That better way is illustratedthrough Sydney Carton. He not only becomes an unexpected hero in A TaleOf Two Cities, but he also symbolizes Charles Dickens solution toachieving social reform.Sydney Carton first entered the story as a lonely man.Appearing rather dangerous and having low self esteem, his rolein the story was unknown to the reader. He seemed to only befocused on helping others. One late shadow with his colleague,Mr. Stryver, Cartons basically pathetic demeanor wasconfronted, Carton, addressed his friend... your way is, andalways was, a lame way. You summon no energy and purpose.(Dickens, A Tale Of Two Cities, 95). then(prenominal) later that night ,Climbing into a high chamber in a well of houses, he threwhimself down in his clothes on a neglected bed, and its pillowwas wet with wasted tears (97). Both are examples of Cartonscharacter. Most view him as a los er. Mr. Stryver, with theassistance of a little alcohol, clearly made that point, andsadly enough Carton realized it. At that blink of an eye he finallyrealized who he was becoming, and it depressed him beyondwords. At that moment a new Carton emerged. This new Carton wassomeone who cared for others. He wanted people to think thathis actions were motivated by simply wanting to make a difference inthe lives of those he cared for. One person he deeply cared for wasLucie Manette. She eventually became his motivation to change andrenew his own life.

Lollos dream :: essays research papers

One day Lollo was having intercourse with a donkey, suddenly he realized that he was doing a donkey. the hobo and the lapdog jumped on the masters lap, and the ass killed himself because he was jealous that the lapdog was sitting on its masters lap. this was very upsetting to the master, so he killed himself because of his sudden loss of his manipulative donkey, which caused a sudden fluctuation of money. Many people cried over their deaths. The lapdog was left alone because so many people killed themselves. Since he was so deprest and lonely, he began a sudden art of masturbation, which he continued to do by himself until he realised that he could engage in sexual intercourse with dead asses and people. This caused in a battle of harmony and peace in this sick, inhumane, and corrupt world. I hope we should never live through this experience again If you dont contain frequently money but you do wand to train youre pet stop buying codestones and buy dubloons. Those are at least 4 times as cheap it take 2 or 4 hours longer but its much cheaper. Play games every day, I make 5000+ every day retributive buy playing destruct o match, kiko match, poke match and Swich-a-Roo. Just find easy games that give a lot of np. I also understand for bargains on the shop wizard and sell things for a little more then I buy them for. When things are cheap buy a fit of them and put them in your safety deposit box. At one point or another theyll probably go up. If not at least youll have some thing to fall back on. My last tip is to get free stuff. Get an omelette from Tyrania, and your free Tombola and Fruit Wheel Spins.

What is Economics? Essay -- Defining Economics

Many people think that scotchs is about money. Well, to just about extent this is true. Economics has a lot to do with money with how such(prenominal) money people are paid how much they spend what it costs to vitiate various items how much money firms earn how much money there is in total in the economy. But despite the large number of areas in which our lives are concerned with money, economics is more than just the study of money. It is concerned withThe production of goods and services how much the economy produces what particular combination of goods and services how much each firm produces what techniques of production they use how many people they employ.The consumption of goods and services how much the population as a whole spends (and how much it saves) what the material body of consumption is in the economy how much people buy of particular items what particular individuals choose to buy how peoples consumption is affected by prices, advertising, fashion and other f actors. In 1932 Professor Lionel Robbins defined economics as the science, which studies human behaviour as a relationship between ends and scarce message which have alternative uses. Economics is simply the study of how society decides what, how and for whom to produce. In answering the questions what, how and for whom to produce, economics explains how scarce resources are allocated between competing claims on their use. The central economic problem is the problem of scarcity....

Conflict is a Major Issue in Othello Essays -- shakespeare, Literary An

Conflict is a major issue in Othello, the source for all the problems in the fabrication all lead back to love and jealousy. Love can be an extremely powerful thing in life. It can easily draw cardinal people closer together or simply destroy something that could have been great. Ironically similar, jealousy can tear something apart just as closely as love can. This timeless tragedy starts out in Venice, with a plot to attain revenge on Othello. Iago and Roderigo are simply jealous with the event that Othello has promoted Cassio to his lieutenant instead of Iago, along with the bitterness they both shared towards Othello to begin with (Shakespeare for Students, Othello). Together, Iago and Roderigo have come up with a plan to ultimately push Othello all over the edge. For starters, Cassio unwillingly has told Iago that he is capable to be easily intoxicated and well obviously Iago uses this information against Cassio. Long story short, Cassio has stirred up a belt to which in the long run costs him his new status as lieutenant. After all of this goes down Iago, trying to seem like the concerning friend, convinces Cassio to speak with Desdemona, Othellos new bride, about the situation. Luckily, so Cassio thinks, Desdemona does such and tries to talk with Othello to have his dear friend reinstated. It is possible for people to make mistake. Once again Iago uses Cassios ignorance against him. altogether through the story almost every little detail and event all leads back to the scheme of Iago. Iago is thinking this could not work out conk out for me, so his next thought of process is that this conversation between Othello and his dear wife Desdemona will make Othellos mind play tricks on him. curtly there after Othello is advised to keep closer watch of hi... ...or example when she asked him to tell her how some(prenominal) he loved her, If it be love indeed, tell me how much. Her maids add a little to Cleopatras characteristics. Also she had a messe nger go to Antony saying she was dead, which she was not.Cleopatras character is so exotic and proud to be able to manipulate men but Desdemona is a complete opposite. Betrayal is the other ultimate theme of both of these tragedies. In Othello, he betrays Desdemona by believe the evil Iago and not communicating with his wife. He instead assumes Iagos statements are of truth. We see Iagos slyness and cleverness grow and a vapid rate, Desdemonas innoncence becomes more apparent and Othellos character galls from a noble warrior into a jealous fool. Iago is the source of the problems in Othello. He has motivation to ruin dear Othello because of the procession Cassio gets instead of Iago.

How Conan Doyle Conveys an Impression of Suspense and Mystery Essay

How Conan Doyle Conveys an Impression of Suspense and MysterySir Arthur Conan Doyle uses many literary devices to leave animpression of suspense and arcanum. They are placed throughout thestory to ensure that the reader is always guessing as to what happensnext.The primary device that Doyle uses is a confederacy of melodrama andacademic writing. The latter is used in abundance with touches of theformer to ensure that the reader is not put off at any point.Furtherto a greater extent, it ensures a spirit of realism which makes the mysterymuch more intense. Doyles academic style can be seen from the veryfirst sentence of the story when he states Of all the problems,which spend a penny been to my friend Mr Sherlock Holmes for solution Coupledwith academic writing is understatement when he writes, At the timethe circumstances made a deep impression upon me, and the retroversion of twoyears has hardly served to weaken the effect. Melodrama can beobserved from the statement, it was so strange in its inception andso dramatic in its expandThroughout the beginning of the story the credibility of the narrator,Dr Watson, is built up to ensure a relationship of trust between himand the reader. This means that everything he says is instantlybelievable and this amplifies the mystery and suspense. An example ofthis is My practice had steadily increased, and as I happened tolive at no very great distance from Paddington Station, I got a a few(prenominal)patients from among the officials. Here you can see that Doyle isemphasising Watsons profession. The reader is given the impressionthat because Watson is a doctor he can be trusted. Furthermore, thereader knows that hes not going to decorate the events.To ensure ... ...le size but of an exceeding thinness. I donot think that I have ever seen so thin a man. His unit of measurement facesharpened away into nose and chin, and the skin of his cheeks wasdrawn quite tense over his outstanding bones. Yet this emaciationseemed to be his natural habit, and out-of-pocket to no disease, for his eye wasbright, his step brisk, and his bearing assured.In conclusion, I will say that using all these devices, Doylesuccessfully builds up curiosity and hence mystery and intrigue. Usinglittle but heavy description, he is able to build up a powerful imagethat has the ability to shock the reader into submission. It is, forthe intimately part, instantly believable and this serves the purpose oflulling the reader into a false sense of security. When the wholetruth is finally revealed it is ever more vivid and much moresuccessful in entertaining the reader.

How Conan Doyle Conveys an Impression of Suspense and Mystery Essay

How Conan Doyle Conveys an Impression of Suspense and MysterySir Arthur Conan Doyle uses many literary devices to convey animpression of suspense and mystery. They argon placed throughout the allegory to ensure that the reader is always guessing as to what happensnext.The primary device that Doyle uses is a combination of melodrama andacademic writing. The latter is apply in abundance with touches of theformer to ensure that the reader is not put off at any point.Furthermore, it ensures a sense of realism which makes the mystery much more intense. Doyles academic style can be conform ton from the veryfirst sentence of the story when he states Of all the problems,which have been to my friend Mr Sherlock Holmes for resolvent Coupledwith academic writing is understatement when he writes, At the timethe circumstances made a deep impression upon me, and the lapse of twoyears has alone served to weaken the effect. Melodrama can beobserved from the statement, it was so strange in its i nception andso dramatic in its detailsThroughout the beginning of the story the credibility of the narrator,Dr Watson, is built up to ensure a relationship of trust between himand the reader. This means that everything he says is instantlybelievable and this amplifies the mystery and suspense. An example ofthis is My behave had steadily increased, and as I happened tolive at no very great distance from Paddington Station, I got a fewpatients from among the officials. Here you can see that Doyle isemphasising Watsons profession. The reader is given the impressionthat because Watson is a doctor he can be trusted. Furthermore, thereader knows that hes not going to dramatise the events.To ensure ... ...le size unless of an exceeding thinness. I donot think that I have ever seen so thin a man. His whole facesharpened out into nose and chin, and the skin of his cheeks wasdrawn quite tense over his outstanding bones. Yet this emaciationseemed to be his natural habit, and due to no dise ase, for his eye wasbright, his criterion brisk, and his bearing assured.In conclusion, I will say that using all these devices, Doylesuccessfully builds up curiosity and hence mystery and intrigue. Usinglittle but heavy description, he is able to build up a powerful imagethat has the ability to shock the reader into submission. It is, forthe most part, instantly believable and this serves the direct oflulling the reader into a false sense of security. When the wholetruth is finally revealed it is ever more vivid and much moresuccessful in socialize the reader.

Emily Dickinson Essay

A poem, sonnet, short story, and other kinds of literature all seem useless if no virtuoso has ever read it. The true value of words can only be best appreciated when their meaning reaches other people. Emily Dickinson, one of the authors famous to have produced some the finest literary pieces, has touched the hearts of many people all around the world through her flora. Even today, years after she passed away, her works and influence linger for generations to come. There is no break away way to understand the present without knowing and tracing the remnants of the past.Emily Dickinsons classics give people a better grasp of the kind of liveliness that people lived during her time. Analyzing the writing style and the perspective of an author such as Dickinson will give the people a comparison of today and yesterday. Most authors write based on their experience or the surrounding environment, and studying these pieces of literature will provide a person with education about the author, his or her family, and daily living. Emily Dickinsons father was a lawyer and her mother was a housewife. She was born to a wealthy family in Massachusetts and was raise with good education.She was proved to be an introvert yet an intelligent student. She started writing shortly after she attended the Mount Holyoke Female Seminary (Famous Poets and Poems, 2009). Most of her works circle round on the issues of death, immortality, nature, and faith. She dedicated her poem entitled Safe in their Alabaster Chambers to her friend and fellow author Thomas Wentworth who participated in the Civil struggle (Famous Poets and Poems, 2009). Because I Could Not Stop for Death is also one of her famous and well-talked about poems.It obviously talks about death and the afterlife. Some of the controversial lines are the following Because I could non stop for Death, / He kindly stopped for me. / The carriage held but just ourselves / And immortality (Dickinson, 2000a, n. p. ). In the po em, the author uses the point of view of mortal who has experienced eternity to describe it. She illustrates her lifes journey through childhood, maturity, and old age. Contrary to most views, the author describes death as a gentleman who came to take her towards the afterlife.Death is one of the topics she chose probably because it was during her time when the Civil War erupted, and all her loved ones were dying, like her friend Wentworth. Experiencing the death of a loved one makes a person contemplate about it. Emily Dickinson also gave breath to the famous quote, love is life and If I could stop one heart from breaking (Dickinson, 2000b, n. p. Dickinson, 2000c, n. p. ). sleep with is the shortest most powerful word that ever existed. The author is correct when she said that love is life because its power transcends death (Dickinson, 2000c, n.p. ). During the 19th century, people fought hard for life and love. That is why most works coming from these times talk so passionatel y and deeply about it. If I Could Stop One Heart from prison-breaking is another classic that talks about what a person can do to help another being. She expounds further by saying that her life would not be in vain if she could help ease a persons pain (Dickinson, 2000b). Life is too short to be wasted for stingy reasons, and as such, the life of an individual who takes the time to go an extra mile for others will not be in vain.Emily Dickinsons works are valuable because they will never go out of style, and her words of wisdom can be applied all throughout the ages. She had a rough life, and she clearly do her point using her words. She is one of the most acknowledged and successful authors of all time not only because of her unique and classical perspective, but also because she succeeded in giving the people of today a peek of what it felt like to have lived and loved in the 19th century.ReferencesDickinson, E. (2000a). Because I could not stop for death. The complete(a) Po ems of Emily Dickinson. New York Bartleby. com.Retrieved June 22, 2009, from http//www. bartleby. com/113/4027. html. Dickinson, E. (2000b). If I could stop one heart from breaking. The Complete Poems of Emily Dickinson. New York Bartleby. com. Retrieved June 22, 2009, from http//www. bartleby. com/113/1006. html. Dickinson, E. (2000c). That I did always love. The Complete Poems of Emily Dickinson. New York Bartleby. com. Retrieved June 22, 2009, from http//www. bartleby. com/113/3008. html. Famous Poets and Poems. (2009). Emily Dickinson Biography. Retrieved June 24, 2009, from http//famouspoetsandpoems. com/poets/emily_dickinson/biography.

Employment Communication Essay

Employment communion is the communication between employees in an presidential term which is said to be the most essential aspect that should be put into consideration for a collapse coordination among the taskforces within an organization, this means that the employees are put in a identify to communicate with their employers either in a formal musical mode or informal way to pass breeding. Through this the employees are enabled to express their grievances, health matters, working(a) environs and legal matters through communication to their employers.A level-headed and supportive work environment is found to be the most crucial factor in creating robust employment relationships. Discussion Individuals with strong employment relationships tend to have helpful and friendly co-workers, interesting work, assess their workplace as both healthy and safe, are supported in balancing work with their personal life, and have reasonable business demands. High levels of employee trust and commitment are linked to perceptions that their employer cares round them.If the employees are not satisfied with these aspects then they can call for a meeting with the managerial personnel and this is said to be a formal way of communicating with the authority. (Palmer and Akin, 2006) Communication is also dod in the delivering of the resources needed to do the job well this can be done through the provision of training, equipment and information thus indicating to employees the firms commitment to employees needs who therefore needful to accomplish their tasks. Resources are also likely to make workloads more manageable and enable workers to be more productive in their duties.Through training one can communicate to the employees on what is expected to be done to accomplish their tasks and the policies required to accomplish all tasks. (Dale, 2001) Employment relationships clearly matter for case-by-cases and employers. The strong employment relationships positively bewit ch job satisfaction, skill use and development, workplace morale, and worker absenteeism. In general, strong employment relationships contribute to the quality of work life and the performance of the organization to be of high esteem.On the other hand, perceived problems with pay and job security are more important influences on willingness to work effectively than it is for the strength of employment relationships (Palmer and Akin, 2006) Strong employment communication is associated with the more effective use of human resources and skills. The employees who have strong employment communication have more opportunities in their job to develop and use their skills and abilities in a free environment that they have ways of expressing their thoughts and feelings.This supports the creation of human capital that is so important for both individual well being and healthy organizations goals. . (Yeung, 1997) In this case we happen upon that this communication is usually affected by many f actors such as the organizational change which is said to may affect the employees negatively bringing up informal way of expressing their disapproval. Downsizing and restructuring are associated with reduced levels of trust, commitment, communications and worker influence. The employees may down their tools in protest or may also place upright change through strike.The changes should be effectively communicated before they are put in place so that the employees are not caught unaware of the changes being effected. Employers or the authority should take charge to convince the employers on the benefits the changes will put in place from the existing organization structure, policies and procedures. (Yeung, 1997) Conclusion There are several(prenominal) ways to address this communication problems being experienced between the employers and employees, but first we have to create an employment relationship that addresses this issues.Employment relationships must be created so that commu nication is enhanced. The strength of employment relationships matters for individuals. This puts trust, commitment, communication and influence on their list of job selection criteria hence there is not much that individual workers can do short of changing employers or becoming self employed to improve their work environment. Those employees in weak employment relationships desire better communication fairness, respect, recognition, and a more supportive work environment.They also need more opportunities for meaningful input and participation. These are the issues they want employers to address first. The employers have no doubt that creating a supportive and healthy work environment nurtures positive employment relationships. This entails looking into the physical, social and psychological aspects of the workplace everything from workloads to respect and the resources needed to do an effective job. The most important issue is how the work is organized.Trust is associated with rest ructuring and downsizing also low levels of commitment. Most workplaces are organized to give more kitchen stove for participation so as to have stronger employment relationships. The content of the job is also an important issue especially providing skilled and interesting tasks so that the goals of the organization can be effectively communicated. Policies and measures should be put in place to address this communication issues so that the employees grievances or conditions can be addresses at ease.With policies the employees issues will certainly reach to their employers who will know how to address them than going to extreme reactions like calling for strikes or the workers having to lay down tools. The fastidious consequences or measures put in place will also prevent them from resolving the issues in a violent way but do it in a formal way. For example employees may face a sack from work if he goes contrary to this ways of addressing the issues.A relational perspective on wo rk points toward the goal of creating cohesive, prosperous, and personally supportive workplaces and communities through effective communication means. We can therefore conclude that defining characteristics of a good job, the qualities of trust, commitment, communication and influence is important means for employment relationship between the employer and his employee. Thus both formal and informal ways should be set up to ease communication and flow of information in employment is an organization or business.

Many films are a bad influence on young people Essay

The film industries of the world atomic number 18 developing day by day. Today there be so more films being produced that you understructure barely keep count. Some of them are for the benefit of the community but most of the films have a bad influence on the young hoi polloi as well as on the community. These films are responsible for increase in violence, crime, illegitimacy in the society. And I completely agree with the statement that many films are a bad influence on young people because of the following reasons.It has been noticed that boys and girls are crazy of watching movies. And they spent averagely three to quatern hours in watching movies daily. This fast growing bad habit is expensive because of increasing electricity bill and the waste of precious time which throw out for sure be devoted to healthier, less wasteful and more gainful pursuits.The extreme setting in front of TV is harmful for education and health to a fault. The studies are affected because youth want to watch television when parents are not there in home, and having no self-discipline. Many teens have shortsighted because of this. And it caused the problem exchangeable fat. Staying at home will let you become lazier. Our body needs to do sports, exercise etcThe youth also try the actions done by heroes in the films. In the Indian films there is extreme level of violence, crime and other deviations from normal human behavior. The re-enactment shows shown on different channels of about robbery, murder etc, and are extremely dangerous for the country in future because youth learn about the new methods of criminal activities.Education and other experts have repeatedly demonstrate that the main source of eve teasing and assaults on girls in our towns and cities, in the market place and elsewhere, is the film. Young people see on the screen a hero running after a heroine, approaching and tempting her in subtle ways. Such talk and gestures naturally catch the attention of the immature cinema fans and affect their thinking and conduct. Thus, the social fabric and the morals of the young people are adversely affected.Another notable aspect of the situation is that whenever some adventurous producer presents a simple, true-to-life story, based on the works of famous short story or fiction writers as Prem Chand or Sarat Chandra, such films, and also art films free of glamour, seldom prove successful and prove to be flops at the box office. The modern audiences want songs and dances, spectacle and gorgeous costumes, love scenes and fights. What sort of citizens can the country hope to produce when the films the young see are totally misleading, lack aesthetical values.However, there are some positive personal effects of the films like movie Tara Zameen Par in which a child which is been weak in one cogitation can be good in other subject and the strictness of the parents on the weak subject can make the child mentally disabled.In the last movies and films a re bad for the youth because positive effects are lesser than negative effects.

Art assignment TOK Essay

1. As you approach the art gallery, you will checker a large, spindly sculpture come forthside the main doors. It is of a spider with a sac of eggs under its abdomen.(a) What is your initial response upon seeing this bandage?What the Heck? What is gods name is this doing here? Thats interesting(b) Do you think initial reaction is a very important quality in art?Yes I think initial reaction is very important, because if a person viewing the piece or art is not moved or interested in any way, that person will have no desire to continue ceremony it and therefore will never really understand the piece. Every good piece of art has original or impacting aspects that standout and make a person turn out to find its inner meaning.Be sure to walk around the melt, under the work and to touch the work.(c) Has your reaction to this work changed?By getting closer I actually got goose bumps and found it a little repulsive as I stood under it, but when I saw the eggs I observe the sculpture was a female spider and had a whole different meaning, it was not to scare the viewer but to attract it and want to find out more about it, which is what I was determined to do.Louise Bourgeoise is the artist of this piece. Look beside wizard of the main doors to find out what it is called.(e) Do you believe the piece is appropriately name? Why or why not?I believe that Maman is a great title for it because it represents Bourgeoise view of her mother and not only that but the blood-and-guts love of motherhood towards its babies (in this case the eggs). Also im not sure of this but I found out that Bourgeoise mother actually love knitting stuff, much(prenominal) as a spider knits its own web, might be a metaphor to express this love of knitting.(f) Do you believe that having possible varied responses to this work is a weakness or a strength?I think that having varied responses to this work in specific is a weakness because it shows that the meaning honk into the work wasnt commu nicated in a good way a human creates art to express emotion or a meaning and if you foundert interpret it like they meant it means they didnt do it correctly, it might be a strength for other works of art but for this one its a weakness.(g) What if the work inspires an emotional response completely different from the intentions of the artist? Does this make the artwork more or less successful? apologize your answer.Generally I think that the artwork would be more successful if the emotional response from the person is different from the intended message. This is because as long as it inpiries an emotion the artist has done their job, have it been the original message or a completely different one this is interesting for an artist if people see the artwork in ways he/she never even imagined.Go into the museum, pay your admission. After paying, walk up the ramp to the atrium. Go into gallery A101- first base FLOOR- Canadian Art.

Problem Behavior Syndrome Essay

Problem Behavior Syndrome (PBS) be a number of asocial behaviors that cluster together which may include family dysfunction, substance abuse, smoking, educational underachievement, suicidal thoughts/attempts, unemployment and even crime. (Siegel, 2011) There is one person that comes to mind that has a criminal record and also possesses numerous antisocial behaviors listed in the text. That person, sadly, is my ex boyfriend/ babys father, Jonathon. He is only 27 years old and already has two strikes against him.The antisocial behaviors that pertain to him are family dysfunction, smoking, substance abuse, unemployment, and educational underachievement. I personally believe his mother is to blame for that. Shes a lazy, unemployed alcoholic and possibly bipolar. She picks fights with him whenever possible and has even gotten him arrested one time or twice. She is and most likely never was a positive role model for Jon. Maybe it has to do with his father never being some. Who knows? H e had gotten a chick pregnant while he was only 15 or so. I have met that kid and the mother I feel she is already movement down the road he went.That is exactly why I will not let him be in my daughters life. I bustt want her to be like him in any way. I am not sure how or who introduced him to drugs but that is his biggest downfall. Drugs (crystal meth) are why hes been arrested. That fact that he smoked it as well didnt make things better. He has never harmed anyone or robbed anything either so thank graven image for that. Since he has a record, its very hard for him to find a decent job. But the fact that he is trying to turn his life around and make something of himself, is what makes me know for a fact that he wont become another PBS statistic.

Cosmopolitanism and People Essay

The Internet is playing a very(prenominal) important role in the evolution of digital technology, but although it has seen funny growth over the last few years, its dispersion remains highly asymmetric. It is widely believed that the so called breeding age will bring radical salmagundi and improvement, and countries all over the world ar busy with constructing the necessary infrastructure, the information superhighways, in order to meet the challenges of the information society of the twenty-first century. Kwame Anthony Appiahs bear witness Making Conversation tell us about pityings conversation is better expressing themselves in person. Marshall Poe said in his article The store talks about the evolution of Wikipedia and how masses are interacting online. The internet serves a purpose for research, schoolwork, and connections. However, the result from the internet age is loosing communication,lack of complaisant interaction, and the unreliable nature of websites.First, c olloquy is key with success, however because of the internet age the ability to surpass face to face is dwindling.Making Conversation by Appiah is an idea on the expression cosmopolitanism and the intent people in any nation have to take in order to achieve cosmopolitanism and globalization. Appiah wants to be citizen in the world not to separate by culture because people can learn each other different culture from other countries. Appiah said One is the idea that we have obligations to others, obligations to others, obligations that stretch beyond those to whom we are related by the ties of kith and kind, or even the much formal ties of shared citizenship. The other is that we take seriously the value not just of human life but of particular human lives, which means taking an interest in the practices and beliefs that lend them significance (Appiah 69). volume learn from other cultures, with communication and with having an break mind. If People are closed off to new ideas from other cultures and we we will never grow. Communication is themost important one topic because people communicate no matter what we need communication to express ourselves to others. Appiah said it is more important to communicate one some other in person instead of using other networks. The conversation is the first important step to understand others. People of other cultures will then learn to accept the beliefs of others and by changing our minds, Appiah makes it earn that conversing with people does not often begin with agreeing on a set of principles, but rather exchanging our ideas and learning from another one.Eventhough, the internet can be stabilizing with education, it can also be unreliable. However, The Hive by Marchall Poe, was the openness of Wikipedia. Wikipedia is an online encyclopedia that anyone can use it. This might work for some people specially that ones who go after school or college. This is very helpful for them because in Wikipedia you can search or find anything you would like. Since anyone can write, or delete or use information off of Wikipedia, it makes it less controversial because anyone can put their input into the website. If dont agree with something, thats alright because you can add your own opinion. Poe describes how authors of sealed wiki pages write with a bias to support their facts. Facts become opinions when feelings and emotions of bias get involved. Instead of relying on experts to write articles according to their expertise, Wikipedia lets anyone write about anything (Poe 349).It means people are free to write whatever they want and they feel so others could see and write their opinions. This concept is important because it allows the author to give a trustworthy explanation on why this kind of group could work well with society. Wikipedia was created to help with learning. This is important because the people behind Wikipedia want us to learn more and to have better knowledge. The whole idea of Wikipedia is so people can raise whatever they want and when they want. Every single day people are posting and reading others comments and having opinions. Wikipedia is so successful. Lastly, when working on a research project, using these websites can add some quick insight at hand. The cathedral and The Bazaar are the biggest difference between Nupedia and Wikipedia is how the information is edited. With Nupedia, people who would submit articles would have to wait for it to be published because it what is reviewed by editors.The process took loads oftime. People behind Wikipedia, can post something and it is reviewed by a never ending amount of people and therefore because of the sites popularity, posts can easily be weeded out. Nupedia was designed to be more professional and they tried to find knowledgeable scholars to oversee the site, and all the entries would be written by experts and those pieces would be read and revised by another group of scholars. Wikipedia is for anyone who w ishes to add an article for something they specialize in. It could be something as simple as a definition or a more extensive article. They are posted and then other readers can edit the pieces if they discover incorrect information. This difference helps us understand why Poe named his subheadings the Cathedral and the Bazaar.A cathedral is very organized and has very district, intelligent leaders who oversee the operations. There was simply no question in his mind that Nupedia would be Guided by a board of experts, that submissions would be largely written by experts, and that articles would be published only after extensive peer review (353) This means only post that are actually rightful(a) would be seen by an editor and be publish. Nupedia has very neat guidelines, and is overseen by professionals. A Bazaar, is much more casual and is unremarkably a market that contains a large variety of items. Wikipedia has very few guidelines and has lots of types of information on million s of subjects.In summary, the result from the internet age is loosing communication,lack of social interaction, and the unreliable nature of websites. Wikipedia is helping the humanity to express their feeling and be seem by others and have opinions. Nupedia is seemed by experts where they can see if its true or not to be published. The information has to have credibility to be valid without sacrificing human interaction.Anthony Appiah. Making Conversation. The Primacy of Practice. appear Contemporary Readings for Writers. Ed. Barclay Barrios, Boston, MA Bedford/St. Martins, 2010. 66-82 Print.Poe, Marshall. The Hive. Emerging Contemporary Readings for Writers. Ed. Barclay Barrios, Boston, MA Bedford/ St. Martins, 2010. 349-363. Print.

Palliative Care Essay

1. What is Palliative C atomic number 18? (150 talking to)Palliative C be is a accusation proposed when some angiotensin converting enzyme is living with, and dying from a fatal chronic condition where the primary goal is maintaining quality of vivification. It provides special supportive grapple for any(prenominal) wizard who is suffering a life-threatening condition approaching the cease of life. Palliative c ar is for any age, those with ratcer or any other terminal diagnosis, people of any ethnic or cultural background, whether they may put out in the country place or the city. Palliative explosive charge maintains quality of life, provides comfort although it does not cure, It relieves distressingness and distress for long-sufferings who are on a terminal condition. Palliative care also offers support for the affected roles family members supporting them in bereavement2. What is meant by a life constraining illness (50 words)A life limiting illness is the term ro led to describe the illnesses where death is expected to be the foresee fitting future of that specified illness. This tooshie be both malignant and non-malignant illness. such illness may include cancer, renal disease, dementia, heart disease chronic liver disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.3. Identify five members of a Palliative care multi -disciplinary health care team and briefly state what association and skills each discipline contributes to the team .1) Nurses Nurses are the front liners in unhurried of care and directly deals with the forbearing. Registered Nurses plan, direct, and coordinate care. License practical nurses works with RNs and other health professionals to provide direct care. 2) Pharmacists The pharmacist can educate the patient and the family on how to take and manage side effects of the medications give the doctor advice on how to administer the medication, prepare the medication, help set a schedule of taking medication, and provid e ongoing monitoring of all medications. 3) Chaplains Chaplains addresses the spiritual needs of patients like praying and answering theological questions.The help with the search for meaning in the persons life and in the reflection of matters of faith such as prayer and rituals 4)Physician/Family Doctor The physician is the one in charge of a persons medical care and works closely with the patient, patients family, and the palliative home care. The family doctor can refer the patient for palliative care consult. 5) fond Workers Social workers help the patient and family in dealing with personal and social problems of illness. They assist in making referrals to confederation services, planning discharge to home or to a hospice, and completing advance directives in case a person loses the ability to accost for himself.4. Describe how nurses could facilitate a in force(p) death by following the palliative care approach (75 words) Nurses are the one that provide direct care t o the patients. They are the one who assess the patient and the first one to see any improvements or any abnormalities on patients condition. Nurses are the one who manage the agony and any innervation of the patient. They are the one whom the patient talks to active their feeling and nurses moldiness use their therapeutic and non-therapeutic communicatings when handling palliative patients. Nurses must also provide a serious and comfort adapted environment to the patients and removing any stimuli.5. Describe how respiratory and cardiovascular factors in terminal illnesses affect the clients ADLS ADLs are greatly affected by respiratory and cardiovascular factors because they are unable to do things they used to do. In a simple walk they can be easily exhausted, fatigued and feeling weak. sometimes they need assistance to do their daily routine because they cannot handle it by themselves. This is all because of the respiratory and cardiovascular factors that affected them, there im incision be cliff in circulation and oxygenation making them feel weak on doing simple tasks. In serious cases, patient might deliver other complications due to lack of employment and immobility like pneumonia and pressure areas.6. Research and summarise the practices of Aboriginal people in relation to death and dying (100 words ) Indigenous Australians squander analogous practices to the general Australian population the main differences that when they gather for the purpose to share their grief and sorrow they testament never again speak the name of the dead soul as they believe this may stop their spiritfrom moving onto the next stage of life. At the wake they paint themselves with ochre body paint and sing, dance pray assisting the soul of their loved one to move along and return to their birthplace to be re born. Their belief is that all things may posses a soul and that the soul of the deceased may return in any form evening that of a rock. These ways are very traditional and differ even between tribal areas and current beliefs of the individuals.7. What is an Advanced wellness Directive and describe the advantages of having a directive in place? A written document stating ones wishes for care, chiefly life sustaining measures when he or she is no longer capable to behave him/herself/8. What is meant by life sustaining measures? Put simply is when your bodies system fails and will not ascertain leaving the only outcome of death a machine is used to replace the function9. What happens if a client has no AHD and cash in ones chipss too ill to express their care wishes? (30 words) When a client has no AHD they are treated as normal under the health teams objective to preserve life meaning they will be resuscitated and all attempts will be made to maintain life. Alternatively this is where the decision-making can become that of the families or a member of family.10. Can instruction manual be written for doctors to assist the client to d ie? and how (30 words ) Advance health directives are used by patients for their future treatment when they cannot be able to speak by themselves. Doctors cannot assist the patient to die unless it is the will of the patient. There cannot be written any instruction to assist the patient to die as currently this is illegal and the health practitioner that does perform such duties with be trialled for murder.11 . Can a client change or revoke an AHD ?. (30 words )Patient can change their advance health directive at any time, provided that they will still have the decision making capacity. Patient can also revoke their AHD having their signature witnessed.12. .A family is in conflict over the treatment of their family member who is dying .The patient is in a terrible amount of pain ,yet some members want less pain relief as they dont want him to be too drowsy .Should the patient be able to die with dignity with controlled pain relief or live longer in pain ? Explain your rationale and reflect your thoughts on this .Also how would you support the family with this plight ? (100 words)The aim of palliative care is to maintain integrity and quality of clients life while he/she is battling an incurable illness. Quality of life includes ensuring that the patient is comfortable and pain free. In this situation, providing education to the patients family is important by trying to make them understand the advantages as well as disadvantages of providing pain relief to the client. Providing terminally ill patients adequate pain relief is vital in the outcome of palliative care.13. The care plan states that your patient is to have a shower any day at the familys request .You are helping to crap out of bed and she states I dont recollect I can shower today You also note that she is short of breath. What is the appropriate response to this situation? What actions would you take? (50 words) I will assist the patient back in bed and elevate the head of bed to 45 degrees o r higher indeed check her vital signs. In short, I will grant the patients wish of lenifying in bed and let the patient rest.If she prefers a bed bath because shes not feeling well, then bed bath should be rendered. I will also assess her vital signs and neurological observations then inform the RN and the tending physician. How would you communicate these events to the patients family when they pull through ? Once the family arrives, we could inform them that the patient is not feeling well and is short of breath so she refused to be given a bath. Explain to them that vital signs were checked, attending physician has been informed of the situation, and appropriate intervention was already given.14Consider the following symptoms and list strategies you could use to implement to assist the client (150 words)Abdominal bloating and discomfortMoist gurgling respirationsReddened sacrumDysphagiaOpioid induced constipationStrategies includeInstruct client or family to avoid carbonated drinks and gas forming food such as breadstuff and beans.Advise to chew slowly and not to eat too much food at onceInform the doctor about the condition for a medication to be ordered if not alleviated Maximising the clients oxygenation through positioning the client upright Providing supplemental oxygen and maintaining obvious airway through deep breathing exercises Suctioning if requiredPhysiotherapy15. Describe how you would respond to the following questions /request for informationWhy is he continuing to have pain when he is barely conscious? Although the client is barely conscious, it doesnt mean that he is not in pain. The manifestations of pain could not only be appreciated through verbal or physical gestures but also through vital signs. Pain could cause the blood pressure to shoot up as well as the respiration and pulse rate.Why does her breathing sound so bad?The breathing is due to the decrease in oxygenation that causes the respirations to be rapid or slow, shallow an d irregular. Breath sounds may become wet and noisy, which are due to the accumulation of mucus in the airways and the patients unfitness to expectorate their secretions due to muscle weakness and decreased gag reflex. How much longer will this go on for? (50 words)This kind of breathing will go on until the vital organs and systems stopfunctioning. Generally, respiration ceases first.16 . Palliative care can be challenging environment to work in. Discuss ways in which you could ensure you care for yourself and why this is so important It is important to maintain a healthy body & mind if you are to be workings in such an environment as you are a key element of care to both the patient and their family. Ways to maintain your own health are to maintain a journal and to actively seek out and debrief or find a professional to discuss your personal concerns with. fittingness and physical activities or simple stretches and/or yoga or pilates sessions can also be just as beneficial as mu ch as it is about your physical benefits it can also assist in relinquishing any built up stressors.17Mr J ones care plan states that he must have a blood transfusion if his HB falls below 8.0 .Hi test today shows 6.5 .He is short of breath and fatigued .As the RN leaves the room later on informing Mr Jones that he is to have a transfusion he says that he does not want the transfusion and that he has had enough and just wants to die .What are your actions and response to this situation ? (50 words)As it is already established why he does not wish to receive the treatment I would simply discuss why the transfusion is done and how non invasive the process is and its benefits. However in saying this the situation presented is one where the patient is obviously in emotional distress. I would can the RN, MO &/or Doctor. Depending upon the end resolve next of kin may also be notified should treatment cease so as they can be prepared for any outcome. In my scope I would notify & document .Provide education where needed and support the patient making referral to social services or identified individuals who have already had dealings with the patient on a faith or belief basis it may also be beneficial. The MO/Doctor will deem if the patient is of sound mind to make such decisions and/or discuss with the patients substitute decision maker/s.18. .Access a local group or organization in your lodge and identify what resources the organization offers to patients and their families forbereavement counselling ,education and support .How can clients access the information (50 words)? A good provider of a full range of services is the Salvation Army as being already well established they have an extensive knowledge base and well thought processes being implemented. Counseling and education is available over the telephony 24/7 and can be useful for any circumstance from distress & grief to suicidal moments.They also offer face to face counceling and can cover a full topic r ange, along with those already mentioned they can also discuss and assist with finance, drug abuse, domestic violence, homelessness, youth issues and even hostel and aged care assistance. The salvation armies care line phone number nationally is 1300 36 36 22 19Care of the body after death is a vital aspect of palliative care and is based on cultural and religious beliefs, which includes issues of organ donation ,post mortem and autopsy .Briefly provide some information on the above in regards to The Jewish community ( 40 words )From the time of death to the funeral the body is to always be accompanied and never alone. Jewish religious law also preserves the rate for the dead. These rites may includeClosing of eyes and mouthApplying clay over the eyelidsFacing the body toward the doorPlacing the body on the floor for 20 transactionsPlacing the arms alongside the body rather than folded over the chestPurification of the bodyWrapping the body in a white shroud and (for men) in a pr ayer shawl Customarily, only members of the same sex are permitted to touch the corpse These rituals may be facilitated by family members, the funeral home, and/or the Chevrah Kadish (burial society)Keeping with the Jewish laws of not mutilating a body autopsies and organ donations can also be prohibited but it has been known on occasion for organs to be donated to family members. The Muslim community (40 words )For those of Islam the process is quiet simple the body is to be bathed andshrouded (3 pieces of cloth for men and 5 for women) and buried as soon as possible. In the stave prays will be made and loved ones begin grieving and the mourning process over 3 days. The main points of avocation is that the grave is to be line up perpendicular to Mecca as for other burial traditions they vary between regions. Cremation is forbidden and organ donation is permissible generally as long as it is to moreover life. Autopsies are a grey area in that there is no religious decry but many would prefer not to as a quick burial is preferred however if it where for legal reasons it has been allowed.20. Discuss three legal and ethical issues that are related to Palliative. Briefly discuss (80 words) http//www.adelaidenow.com.au/archive/ intelligence operation/giving-my-dad-final-dignity/story-e6freah3-1111118720637?nk=5be06e19d7df58d1a484641fb445fb30Legal Issues Currently under law and a part of all practitioners industry acts is to do no harm as I have discussed previously any practitioner under current legislation to participate in mercy killing would be tried for murder. I dont agree with this in person and even more so that should the individual perform the duties themselves it would be considered suicide negating any legacy or insurances taken to look after their families as part of their comfort in knowing the family will be cared for. Ethically I agree with the article (link above) in that humans do play god in most aspects of the anatomy and health care we pro vide interventions that would cease the immanent course of any ailment, we preserve the life of those inflicted with chronic illnesses, we intervene in every aspect even without knowing the full course or purpose of the health issue in the first place.The results of intervention are starting to become clear in our society, reduced immunity, fragile and susceptible bodies I believe may only be the beginning what happens after a couple generations of this. all the same we will sit on our hands when the individual is left with no dignity, pride or human rights and wait for what could now almost be looked as The Miracle of Death.Did the gather hunters have it right back in the beginning? I think if I where void of all senses and only had very basic neurological activity and being kept alive for the sole purpose of viewing and an observation tool I think if I could speak I would speak of cruelty and probably win a court case for it.Dont get me wrong though, I am not pro euthanasia eith er however if we are to take a debate on that topic then why stop intervening in nature and playing god when it comes to end.21. List some of the ways that you can manage the hydration and nutritional requirements of the client during the end of life stage (80 words ) A fluid eternal rest chart, cardiovascular and visual observations of throw together turgor, lips and mucousal linings would be a good indication for both hydration and nutrition. Depending how long the client has been in your care you may also be able to view changes in nails, hair and eyes these may also be good diagnostic tools and also ensure regular visits from the dietician and hamper to the plan.22. Pain care is an important aspect of palliative care. Discuss six ways that pain symptoms can be managed without medication (50 words ) Any confusion can assist in removing the focus from pain. Massage can assist in relieving muscles, has a diversion and therapeutic effect also. Hot & cold packs, sleep, exercise , music, inborn oils and simple stretches all can contribute in alleviating or reducing pain.23 . List five barriers to effective pain management (30 words ) A barrier is as defined is anything that can restrict the patient from achieving an outcome. Given this as a starting point and making the target to be effective pain management or free of then the barriers are dateless. They can range from family members to low medication supply through to increased resilience to medications or organ failure. Not to mention the individuals psyche emotion and physical state, they may manifest pain that doesnt exist or they may be besides stressed causing pain to increase they may also be in blatant refusal of care, have fears, language & cultural differences, communication the barriers are endless and should I have a full education in multiple fields and endless time to study and read random information Im sure there would be many others to add to the list.24. List the five stages of dying a ccording to Dr Kubler -Ross ( 10 words) The five stages of dying areDenial- this is natural and defence mechanism where people may not accept the fact that they are dying or will die. Anger- Upon realisation of the situation to they may get frustrated and angry about their predicament, how and why it has happened. Bargaining- in this stage they realise that they are dying soon and pray for more time. Such phrases like Ill be a better person, father or Partner would be commonly heard. Depression- The person has accepted the fact and is sad about the fact they are dying. They have realised the ultimatum and may have regret over past choices or behaviours and can do nothing about it. Acceptance- People realise that they are dying and finally accept it and have come to a kind of peace with the situation.CASE STUDY 2Using this case study summary some nursing interventions that demonstrate applying a palliative care approach using the following headings (150 words) Spiritual Patient in a palliative care often spend their time praying and they become closer to God as they get old. evermore respect the patients beliefs and values. If the patient is praying do no interrupt him and to the procedures when he is finished praying. Ask him if he want a priest to visit him and give him some prays. Always know the patients religion and his beliefs to avoid conflict on giving care Comfort The main goal of the palliative care is to give provide comfort to the patient. Always ask the patient how they are feeling or if they need some help. Simple chat with the patient makes them comfort, a simple questions like How are you? can make them feel special and they might think there is still someone who cares to them. Giving what patients need and attend to those needs makes the patient feels comfortable. Legal Patient at this stage have their Advance Health Directives, it is a legal document for that the patient did for his future treatment and must be implemented. Always provide pa tients autonomy. We as EEN must always maintain confidentiality and privacy of the patient. Pain management Pain assessment is important for management of the pain. We must always assess the patients pain and must have intervention to the pain not only in a pharmacological way but also in a non-pharmacological way because some of the patient cannot take too much medicines. Always ask the patient how are they and report to us if they feel any pain. Elimination bowel and urinary At this time patients elimination changed unlike before, some of the patient are incontinent of urine and faeces due to deterioration of the body. Make sure to educate the patient about normal aging that incontinence is a normal process of aging. We must monitor their Input and Output and document it on a Fluid Balance Chart if necessary. If the patient is constipated push them to increase fibre in diet and have some exercise. Assist the patient always in the toilet early in the morning and use toilet chair i f necessary. Skin Integrity As the patient goes old, their skin becomes dry and fragile. Encourage the patient to use lotion or moisturiser on their skin so that their skin will not be dry. Prevent the patient to have pressure areas by repositioning the patient to different sides every 4 hours. Assess the skin for pressure areas and put some cream on those areas. Document any abnormalities to patients skin such as fervor and bruise. Mobility Provide patient independence on their care to promote range of motion. Refer patient to physiotherapist if necessary. Encourage the patient to exercise daily. If the patient have mobility aids educate the patient on how to use it properly. Mental health physiological support Patients at this point becomes depressed and feels alone. Always provide communication to the patient using therapeutic and non- therapeutic approach. Always talk to the patient or ask the family to visit the patient.Describe how you could improve the room and environment f or black lovage (100 words) Ask the children to bring pictures of themselves and the parents tobring in any items they think would make the room more comfortable but allow Alexander to decide if they stay Greenery never hurts and/or a fresh breeze through the window and perhaps a couple science orientated magazines on the side table to peak his curiosity as if you do a trade long enough you will always have a professional interest whether you want it or not.ReferenceCrisp, J, Taylor, C, Douglas, C & Rebeiro, G 2013, Potter and Perrys Fundamentals of Nursing 4th Ed. Elsevier Mosby, Sydney.Brown, D., & Edwards, H. (2012). Lewiss Medical Surgical Nursing (3rd ed.). Sydney, Australia Mosby, Elsevier department of Attorney General 2014, Advance Health Directives, viewed 10 phratry 2014, http//www.publicadvocate.wa.gov.au/A/advance_health_directives.aspxEnd of life Care Network, Life limiting illness, 2011, Viewed on 09 September 2014 http//www.endoflifecumbriaandlancashire.org.uk/info_ patients_carers/life_limiting_illness.phpHibbert C 2014, Dealing with griefThe 5 Stages of Grief, viewed 10 September 2014, http//www.drchristinahibbert.com/dealing-with-grief/5-stages-of-grief/OConnor, M & Aranda, S 2003, Palliative Care Nursing A Guide to Practice second Ed. Ausmed Publications, Melbourne.NSW Board of Jewish Education 2012, Autopsy, Transplantation, Insemination and abortion, viewed 10 September 2014, http//www.bje.org.au/learning/judaism/ethics/bioethics/autopsy.htmlPalliative Care Council, What is Palliative Care, 2012, Viewed on 09 September 2014 http//www.pallcare.asn.au/about/what-is-palliative-careTasmania Department of Health and Human Services 2013, Palliative Care Team, viewed 10 September 2014, http//www.dhhs.tas.gov.au/palliativecare/about/teamWorld Health Organisation 2014, WHO definition of Palliative Care, viewed 10 September 2014, http//www.who.int/cancer/palliative/definition/en/

Natural Resources and Energy in the Rainforests

The beauty, majesty, and timelessness of a primary rain forest is indescribable. It is impossible to capture on film, to give away in words, or to explain to those who affirm never had the awe-inspiring experience of standing in the effect of a primary rainforest. Rainforests chip in evolved over millions of historic period to turn into the incredibly complex environments they be today. Rainforests invent a store of living and brea occasion renewable natural resources that for eons, by virtue of their richness in both animal and engraft species, have contributed a wealth of resources for the survival and well- being of gentlekind.These resources have include basic food supplies, clothing, shelter, fuel, spices, industrial raw materials, and medicine for all those who have lived in the majesty of the forest. However, the upcountry dynamics of a tropic rainforest is an intricate and fragile system. Everything is so interdependent that upsetting maven part can lead to unkno wn damage or even destruction of the whole. Sadly, it has taken plainly a century of human intervention to destroy what nature designed to last forever. The scale of human pressures on ecosystems everywhere has increased enormously in the last few decades.Since 1980 the global economy has tripled in size and the world population has increased by 30 pct. Consumption of everything on the planet has risen- at a cost to our ecosystems. In 2001, The World Resources Institute estimated that the accept for rice, wheat, and corn is expected to grow by 40% by 2020, increasing irrigation water entreats by 50% or more. They further reported that the demand for wood could double by the year 2050 unfortunately, it is still the tropic forests of the world that supply the bulk of the worlds demand for wood.In 1950, about 15 percent of the Earths land surface was covered by rainforest. Today, more than half(prenominal) has already gone up in smoke. In fewer than fifty years, more than half of the worlds tropical rainforests have fallen victim to fire and the chain saw, and the rate of destruction is still accelerating. Unbelievably, more than 200,000 s vegetable oil of rainforest be burned every day. That is more than 150 acres lost every present moment of every day, and 78 million acres lost every year More than 20 percent of the virago rainforest is already gone, and much more is severely threatened as the destruction continues.It is estimated that the Amazon alone is vanishing at a rate of 20,000 squargon miles a year. If nothing is done to curb this trend, the replete(p) Amazon could well be gone indoors fifty years. Massive deforestation brings with it many despicable consequences-air and water pollution, soil erosion, malaria epidemics, the release of carbon dioxide into the breeze, the eviction and decimation of indigenous Indian tribes, and the detriment of biodiversity through defunctness of plants and animals. Fewer rainforests mean less rain, less oxygen for us to breathe, and an increased threat from global warming. precisely who is really to blame? Consider what we industrialized Americans have done to our own homeland. We converted 90 percent of North Americas virgin forests into firewood, shingles, furniture, railroad ties, and paper. Other industrialized countries have done no better. Malaysia, Indonesia, Brazil, and other tropical countries with rainforests be often branded as environmental villains of the world, mainly because of their reported levels of destruction of their rainforests.Why should the loss of tropical forests be of any concern to us in light of our own poor perplexity of natural resources? The loss of tropical rainforests has a pro form and devastating impact on the world because rainforests are so biologically diverse, more so than other ecosystems (e. g. , temperate forests) on Earth. Consider these facts A undivided pond in Brazil can sustain a greater variety of fish than is found in all of Eu ropes rivers. A 25-acre plot of rainforest in Borneo may contain more than 700 species of trees a good turn equal to the total tree diversity of North America.A single rainforest booking in Peru is home to more species of birds than are found in the entire United States. One single tree in Peru was found to harbor forty-three different species of ants a total that approximates the entire number of ant species in the British Isles. The number of species of fish in the Amazon exceeds the number found in the entire Atlantic Ocean. The biodiversity of the tropical rainforest is so immense that less than 1 percent of its millions of species have been studied by scientists for their active constituents and their possible uses.When an acre of tropical rainforest is lost, the impact on the number of plant and animal species lost and their possible uses is staggering. Scientists estimate that we are losing more than 137 species of plants and animals every single day because of rainforest deforestation. Surprisingly, scientists have a better understanding of how many stars there are in the galaxy than they have of how many species there are on Earth.Estimates vary from 2 million to 100 million species, with a best estimate of somewhere near 10 million only 1. million of these species have truly been named. Today, rainforests occupy only 2 percent of the entire Earths surface and 6 percent of the worlds land surface, so far these remaining lush rainforests support over half of our planets wild plants and trees and one-half of the worlds wildlife. Hundreds and thousands of these rainforest species are being extinguished before they have even been identified, much less catalogued and studied.The magnitude of this loss to the world was near poignantly described by Harvards Pulitzer Prize-winning biologist Edward O.Wilson over a decade ago The worst thing that can happen during the 1980s is not capability depletion, economic collapses, limited nuclear war, or conquer ing by a totalitarian government. As terrible as these catastrophes would be for us, they can be repaired within a few generations. The one process ongoing in the 1980s that will take millions of years to correct is the loss of genetic and species diversity by the destruction of natural habitats. This is the folly that our descendants are least likely to forgive us for. Yet still the destruction continues.If deforestation continues at electric current rates, scientists estimate nearly 80 to 90 percent of tropical rainforest ecosystems will be destroy by the year 2020. This destruction is the main force driving a species extinction rate singular in 65 million years. As human beings continue on the quest to find more efficient and economical ways of creating a better life, the world at large is feeling the effects. probing for new land to build and to grow crops on has created a predictable disturbance to the biogeochemical cycle in rainforests.The biogeochemical chemical cycles in a rainforest rotates through both the biological and the geological world, this can be described as the biogeochemical process. Of course a rainforest takes hundreds of thousands of years to become lush and tropical, while it takes full-size business a matter of hours to demolish the land and begin building, farming or drilling oil wells on. The plants and animals in rain forest either remain undiscovered, become extinct or are lost to the destruction of the heavy machinery used to clear the land.This has an immense effect on the biogeochemical cycles in the rainforest. Reservoirs are affected and the trees of tropical rain forests are unable to bring water up from the forest base that would naturally be evaporated into the atmosphere. This is a cycle that is necessary for the whole planet. Oxygen is released into the atmosphere by autotrophs during photosynthesis and taken up by both autotrophs and heterotrophs during respiration. In fact, all of the oxygen in the atmosphere i s biogenic that is, it was released from water through photosynthesis by autotrophs.It took about 2 billion years for autotrophs (mostly cyanobacteria) to raise the oxygen content of the atmosphere to the 21% that it is today this opened the door for complex organisms such as multicellular animals, which need a lot of oxygen. (McShaffrey, 2006) This is typically the responsibly of trees in a rainforest to carry chemicals from the land into the atmosphere. Human beings are having a major impact on this action being completed.During the clearing of these rainforests, humans burn the celestial sphere to be excavated and the carbon cycle in the area is then disrupted. Fossil fuels release into the atmosphere oversupply carbon dioxide. More carbon dioxide is then released into the air and the oceans eventually causing a common ensure called global warming. Global warming simply means that the carbon dioxide produced in the atmosphere is permitting more energy to reach the Earths surfa ce from the sun than is escaping from the Earths surface into space.Referencehttp//www.rain-tree.com/facts.htm

Patience and Courage

At first glance, it might depend that longanimity and bravery ar dispositions that tend in divergent directions, reflecting different strengths. If we ar asked to imagine exemplars of to each hotshot of these honors, we probably c all two very different individuals to head wordthe braw psyche imposing, heroic, probably male, and the affected role mortal quiet, reserved, quite likely female. (After all, Ancient Greek heroismousness evidently was the virtue of hu partityliness (andreia), and the Victorians use to name their daughters labor.)Some of our im whiles of braveness whitethorn even positively conflict with both(prenominal) of our images of diligence, with the adventuresome person take a firm viewpoint upon momention while the patient person implores him to wait. In his wonderful paper, Patience and heroism (Philosophy 68(266), 1993), Eamonn Callan begins with a crystallise of thought experiment intended to capture our intuitivethough he thinks mis takensense of the congress signifi brush asidece of persistence and heroism Suppose your friends had to portion a sensation vice to you in life-size measure, on with each virtues that could be coherently combined with that salient vice.Suppose shape up that the vice had to be both cowardice or im application. Which would you choose? (p. 523) Callan suspects that almost either wizard would choose im perseverance with come forth hesitation, be create a coward strikes us as an unreli sufficient configuration of person, and impatience itself might in some cases be a good affaire, e. g. impatience with dictatorship and injustice. Callan goes on to argue against this intuitive response, in that it underestimates the need for patience (an mentality I defend explored in preceding posts), and also suggests that a much nuanced thinking some heroism and patience shows that these virtues do non essentially conflict.This should not be so surprising if we think, as doubting Thomas does, of patience as a part of natural selection, and recognize fortitude itself as the core of fortitude (or, as synonymous with courage). Of course, when we enunciate of fortitude, we speak of endurance, and talk of courage (or bravery) whitethorn seem instead to key to mind the courage of the charge. unless charging, as Tim OBrien notes in his memoir on Vietnam, is only if a tiny virgule of braveryonce unitary has charged into danger, thither is much to be dwelld. Or consider this by chance surprising remark from Kierkegaards faithfulness ofHeart Is patience not precisely that courage which voluntarily selects needful scummy? The unavoidable is just the amour which w woozy shatter courage (p. 173). Interestingly (as the translator notes), the Danish for patience taalmod contains the term for courage (mod). (Literally, taalmod is stomach courage. ) Kierkegaard connects patience to unavoidable suffering and thus implies that courage differs in that in cour age we choose to sic ourselves in the focus of danger and adversity for a nobleman cause.And he discusses how it whitethorn seem wherefore that there can be no virtue in allow adversity that is unavoidable and which, it seems, cannot be chosen. (If its unavoidable, accordingly there seems to be no real choice. ) Here, he imagines the plaguey voice of someone who says that this patience is merely qualification a virtue reveal of necessity, and Kierkegaard replies, yes, thats exactly it His draw is that merely organism attach with unavoidable suffering or adversity does not imply that we will, as it were, shoulder that adversity in such(prenominal) a way that we remain committed to the Good.We whitethorn despondency, or be place bitter and resentful, outraged at the world. Of course, it may be that since Kierkegaard is a theist, he can take that there is some way in which every suffering thrown at us can possibly be endured intumesce. Non-theists may not stir grounds f or the same hope. But let me sit that, for today, to the side. (I hope to write a chapter about this issue in the future. ) Callan discusses a case that goes to Kierkegaards point a man loses his sight, and vacillates between despair and rage, who thinks that the possibility of a good life has vanished.It is not that he fails to divulge how to get or so in the world in spite of his blindness, merely his life is devoid of all hope and joy because of the boneheaded resentment he has about having become blind. He refuses to accept this unavoidable part of his life. Callan says, The blind man in my story has no patience for the honorable task his blindness has set him, and no measurement of courage or fortitude can castigate for the absence of that virtue (p. 526). Now here, there are interpretive difficulties, since I suggested above that we might see courage and patience as linked by fortitude. Here we might takeCallan to be treating fortitude as a kind of thickness of skin, the stoniness we might ascribe to the Stoic sage he is in despair, entirely doesnt show it. I cast argued in my essay In Defense of Patience (newly revised as of yesterday), that perhaps we should beseech into scruple the idea that fortitude and patience can be pulled apart very furthermost, that we should not reduce fortitude to the external appearance. (Otherwise, we cant distinguish bona fide fortitude and endurance from mere psychic deadness. ) Callans pointat any rateis that the possibility of this mans perceive and seeking Good in his life depends upon his coming to accept his blindness.Why call that patience? Perhaps what I express about love and patience in a previous post provides part of an answer, oddly if we can translate some of what I express about reading to love another person into talk of gibeing to love ones occurrence. (This is what Chris Cowleys Learning to Love is all about, in Philosophical Topics 38(1), 2010. ) Here, we come to accept the dista nce between our new condition and our previous one, and re-commit to living well (and not merely, as Cowley discusses, making the best of it).We can call this patience, but at the same era, I think we can see, one thousand Callan to some extent, that such a process may in any number of cases also get the kind of strength we describe as courage. People who are poorly injured and require grand forcible rehabilitation are some eons p pushd for their courage in their efforts to endure the problems ca employ by their injuries, and to re-learn what they can, and to learn how to compensate for the abilities they have lost. Why call this courageous? First, there is the smashing endurance involved.Second, in such circumstances, we may be tempted to despair, to feel sorry for ourselves, and even be afraid to eccentric our condition, afraid of failing, afraid to learn what our new material limitations are, and afraid to think about living our departs, or re let go ofing to our everyd ay lives, chevvy with the problems incurred finished our injuries. If we think of courage primarily as the (voluntary) facing of fears and dangers, thence courage is involved in facing the fears above, but the need for patience is not very far behind. This isnt peculiar to this poser, since umpteen courageous acts are extended in time.Indeed, focusing on courageous acts that guide in an instant may obscure that many of our natural actions are in fact chains of action, stretches of activity, oriented toward some goal. Within such a stretch of time, the difference between a courageous and a rash action may come down to ones efficacy to wait and endure the anticipation of consideration out into positive action. (And so, in many sports, great athletes are praised for their ability to wait for the game to come to themnot to take unfavorable swings or shots or to throw bad punches.Consider how Kobe Bryant will sometimes tarry his time for three canton only to dominate the final twelve minutes, or Alis notorious rope-a-dope outline for fatiguing his opponents. Not that we should exactly recommend Alis scheme to young boxers, for unfortunately obvious occasions of long-term health. ) So, courage and patience turn out not to be foes, or to show that there is disharmony amongst the virtues. And again, we see how in its quiet, retiring(a) way, patience reveals itself to be something of a silent partner as we seek to develop other virtues and strengths.Courage every(prenominal) human being on this planet is devoted the gift of courage. However, there are very few that ever take avail of this gift, and actually put it to good use. Courage is the ability to work ones way through a tough situation. Be it mental, or physical. We have all approach tough challenges onwards. The difference, however, is that some mountain tend to give up when the sacking gets rough, while others keep on. Courage is a necessity to the development of our state. Without coura ge, African-Americans would equable be stuck in slavery.There would have been no one there to fight for the rights of the people we now consider our equals. Courage can be lay down in discordant forms. An amazing example of courage can be found in a sol stopr. They risk their lives every day simply to foster ours. We can even see courage in a lad classmate one who is practise out with the loss of a parent, fighting depression or even dealing with an eating dis monastic order. As said earlier, it can be mental or physical. Courage is the only thing that gets us through the seriously times, and the tempting opportunities.Without it, every one of us may have given into that cigarette in the sixth grade. Courage is vital to the evolution of the human population. It is also an essential calibre to becoming a no-hit person. Courage is of two kinds physical and good. The farmer is common to both man and beast but the latter(prenominal) belongs to man alone. Courage comes from t he strength of mind or will. Physical courage depends on ones physical strength. A weak and sickly person is inviolablely seen to be physically courageous. Because his ill health does not tolerate him to take an aggressive view in life, although he may be mentally vaporous.But a person, who is bold and strong, both in body and mind, is normally found to be courageous. The question of physical courage arises in the event of any danger or difficulty that abruptly appears, when conterminous protection or pledge from that fear of massacre or destruction demands physical courage. If a sudden fire breaks out in a house, or a dacoit is going to take place, physical courage becomes absolutely undeniable in such critical moments. Without physical resistance with indomitable courage, it becomes unacceptable to save the situation.But moral courage is in no way inferior to the physical courage. It is, on the contrary, more beta and glorious to occupy moral courage. Moral courage is v ery rare. It is f0undl in one in a million. There are numerous instances where people have bravely used their physical courage and saved the life of a drowning man, or a house from burning in fire, by spring courageously into the scene of danger. But there are few cases, where the common people are found to open their mouth against an raw or unjust deed that they witness, because they lack moral courage. They are cowards without a backbone.Noble may be the cause in which physical courage is shown but nobler is the cause in which moral courage is displayed. Moral courage comes from a firm conviction that the possessor has in him. Let us take the case of Pandit Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar who is sleep withn for his noble character and moral courage. The man was highly educated, but hardly with any extraordinary physical strength yet he was endowed with tremendous moral courage. He did not hesitate to raise his voice of protest or even insult the wicked Europeans who used to rule the coun essay then with enormouspower.He had also ignored all sorts of humiliation in the work force of his own countrymen, when he was hardened to get the Bill for Hindu Widow Re-marriage passed by the Government. That goes to show his wonderful determination, moral courage and noble character. Galileo, the great scientist, had also to suffer duress in his old age for the sake of his conviction. Men of moral courage never barter away their conscience, but put it out front liberty, before reputation, even before life. They think of no danger, nor of death, when the alternative is a disgrace.They hate more to live as cowards than to face prosecution, imprisonment or death. It is these men who are the true makers of history. It is they who live in honour, die in glory, and have the privileges of being adored by all Courage is summoning strength in the face of lifes difficulties or, sometimes, lifes horrors. It means effect in spite of perturb, cost, or risk. Courage is not the abse nce of fear, but the deliberate determination that action is necessary regardless. Courage acknowledges un certain(prenominal)ty, but perseveres because of conviction and resolve.It offers us focus and self-denial so we can call up our competencies to meet our challenges. Courage is not necessarily an outward act of heroism it can be purely internal, such as making the decisiveness to be buoyant in grief, to adhere to determine different from those around us, or to give something another try. hrough my own experiences in life I have been able to define the true meaning of courage. Courage is to have the ability to know wright from wrong and stand up for what you believe in even in the face of great adversity.In my lifetime I have rarely been called upon to display courage, but I clearly remember one specific situation. I was cardinal years old and at one of my friends birthday parties. There were around seventy-five teenagers at the party, along with loud music and dancing. Wha t I thought was going to be a great night, turned out to be the night my courage would be tested. As I was talking to some of my friends I notice something was wrong with them. Shortly after, I noticed that their behavior was different, I agnize that I was smelling the odourise of marijuana.Before I knew it I was being offered some of their drugs. I thought about the consequences that were to come if I had said yes to their offer. I felt that if I had said yes, I would have let down so many people, but most importantly myself. Having courage gave me the will to say no to the drugs and walk away from the consort pressure. In the novel To Kill a Mockingbird by harper Lee, both genus Atticus Finch and Mrs. Dubose exemplify moral courage. Throughout the novel Atticus was portrayed as a man of great courage and integrity. Atticus had to discuss concepts with his daughter observation post when they were at Finch Landing.Scout requiremented to know wherefore Atticus was going to de fend Tom Robinson if he already knew he was going to be defeated. Atticus then explained to Scout that, simply because Atticus and Scout were licked a hundred years before Atticus and Scout started is no reason for Atticus and Scout not to try to win (76). Atticus was demonstrating his courage by proving that no matter how hard things get, you should never give up, and that you should invariably fight for what you believe in. Atticus is shown as being courageous by demonstrating perseverance and standing up for what is right.Another example of how Atticus is courageous is when at Finch Landing, he explains to Scout that this time he knew that he was conflict his friends, and no matter how bitter things get, they are still his friends and this is still his base(76). Atticus explanation to Scout was important because he had to reassure her that no matter the outcome of the trial they would still have their friends and there home. raze with all the pressure to quit the case, Atti cus was determined to go up against all odds to reassure that justice would prevail. Atticus was a courageous, determined, and compassionate man.Along with Atticus, Mrs. Dubose is another prime example of a courageous person. Mrs. Dubose exhibit courage when she decided to give up her morphine addiction. Mrs. Dubose died a dense painful death and when she was on her death bed, Mrs. Dubose reminded Atticus carefully, Mrs. Dubose was going to leave this world beholden to aught and nobody (111). In this situation most people would not have been able to tolerate the pain and would have given in to the morphine. Mrs. Dubose could have easily chosen to take the morphine and die with out so much torturesome pain, but she was too contrary.Her moral courage helped her to overcome her addiction. Mrs. Dubose was not only a courageous but also a selfless person. Jem had to learn this about her the hard way. Atticus questioned Jem, Son didnt you know what her fits were(111)? Mrs. Dubose ch ose not to tell anyone that she had been trying to give up the morphine. The withdraw made her have anger fits. She did not want to burden anyone with her problems. Mrs. Dubose let everyone believe that she was an angry, old, mean, terrible person. Still need to wind conclusion. patienceHave you ever wondered why certain people survive and do well in certain situations while others dont? The reason is that those successful people have and have always had a certain characteristics that help them to do so. These characteristics are called virtues. A virtue is a characteristic of a person which supports individual moral worth and collective well being. One of the most important virtues that helps individuals progress and succeed is patience. This is because patience helps one make good lasts, prevents one from giving up, and helps develop empathy and compassion.First and foremost patience helps us make good decisions. The reason for this is by being patient you have a clear mind to think through the accomplishable results of your actions. Everyone has try and has been in stressful situations but the way we respond to the stress is what defines our future success. In order to become successful people have had to make tough decisions regarding their futures and without patience they would not have been able to do so. For example Bill Gates, the richest man in the world, made the decision to drop out of college in order to pursue his dreams of creating a software company.In its early stages he face up much adversity for his decision but he stuck with it and his patience helped him to become one of the wealthiest and most successful people ever. Along with decision making patience also prevents one from giving up. This is as a result of keeping your goals arranged regardless of how difficult or the time it takes to reach them. One of the superior examples of success through patience Is Dr. Martin Luther superpower Jr. He is one of the most influential peopl e that have ever lived. Dr. Kings goal which was simple but seemed impossible at the time was to end discrimination and mix our nationPatience and CourageAt first glance, it might seem that patience and courage are dispositions that tend in different directions, reflecting different strengths. If we are asked to imagine exemplars of each of these virtues, we probably call two very different individuals to mindthe courageous person imposing, heroic, probably male, and the patient person quiet, reserved, quite likely female. (After all, Ancient Greek courage simply was the virtue of manliness (andreia), and the Victorians used to name their daughters Patience.)Some of our images of courage may even positively conflict with some of our images of patience, with the courageous person insisting upon action while the patient person implores him to wait. In his wonderful paper, Patience and Courage (Philosophy 68(266), 1993), Eamonn Callan begins with a sort of thought experiment intended to capture our intuitivethough he thinks mistakensense of the relative significance of patience and courage Suppose your friends had to ascribe a single vice to you in large measure, along with any virtues that could be coherently combined with that salient vice.Suppose further that the vice had to be either cowardice or impatience. Which would you choose? (p. 523) Callan suspects that almost everyone would choose impatience without hesitation, because a coward strikes us as an unreliable kind of person, and impatience itself might in some cases be a good thing, e. g. impatience with tyranny and injustice. Callan goes on to argue against this intuitive response, in that it underestimates the need for patience (an idea I have explored in previous posts), and also suggests that a more nuanced thinking about courage and patience shows that these virtues do not essentially conflict.This should not be so surprising if we think, as Aquinas does, of patience as a part of fortitude, and rec ognize fortitude itself as the core of courage (or, as synonymous with courage). Of course, when we speak of fortitude, we speak of endurance, and talk of courage (or bravery) may seem instead to call to mind the courage of the charge. But charging, as Tim OBrien notes in his memoir on Vietnam, is only a tiny slice of braveryonce one has charged into danger, there is much to be endured. Or consider this perhaps surprising remark from Kierkegaards Purity ofHeart Is patience not precisely that courage which voluntarily accepts unavoidable suffering? The unavoidable is just the thing which will shatter courage (p. 173). Interestingly (as the translator notes), the Danish for patience taalmod contains the term for courage (mod). (Literally, taalmod is enduring courage. ) Kierkegaard connects patience to unavoidable suffering and thus implies that courage differs in that in courage we choose to put ourselves in the way of danger and adversity for a noble cause.And he discusses how it ma y seem then that there can be no virtue in enduring adversity that is unavoidable and which, it seems, cannot be chosen. (If its unavoidable, then there seems to be no real choice. ) Here, he imagines the mocking voice of someone who says that this patience is merely making a virtue out of necessity, and Kierkegaard replies, yes, thats exactly it His point is that merely being saddled with unavoidable suffering or adversity does not imply that we will, as it were, shoulder that adversity in such a way that we remain committed to the Good.We may despair, or become bitter and resentful, angry at the world. Of course, it may be that since Kierkegaard is a theist, he can assume that there is some way in which any suffering thrown at us can possibly be endured well. Non-theists may not have grounds for the same hope. But let me put that, for now, to the side. (I hope to write a chapter about this issue in the future. ) Callan discusses a case that goes to Kierkegaards point a man loses h is sight, and vacillates between despair and rage, who thinks that the possibility of a good life has vanished.It is not that he fails to learn how to get around in the world in spite of his blindness, but his life is devoid of all hope and joy because of the deep resentment he has about having become blind. He refuses to accept this unavoidable part of his life. Callan says, The blind man in my story has no patience for the moral task his blindness has set him, and no amount of courage or fortitude can compensate for the absence of that virtue (p. 526). Now here, there are interpretive difficulties, since I suggested above that we might see courage and patience as linked by fortitude. Here we might takeCallan to be treating fortitude as a kind of thickness of skin, the stoniness we might ascribe to the Stoic sage he is in despair, but doesnt show it. I have argued in my essay In Defense of Patience (newly revised as of yesterday), that perhaps we should question the idea that forti tude and patience can be pulled apart very far, that we should not reduce fortitude to the external appearance. (Otherwise, we cant distinguish genuine fortitude and endurance from mere psychic deadness. ) Callans pointat any rateis that the possibility of this mans seeing and seeking Good in his life depends upon his coming to accept his blindness.Why call that patience? Perhaps what I said about love and patience in a previous post provides part of an answer, especially if we can translate some of what I said about learning to love another person into talk of learning to love ones situation. (This is what Chris Cowleys Learning to Love is all about, in Philosophical Topics 38(1), 2010. ) Here, we come to accept the distance between our new condition and our previous one, and re-commit to living well (and not merely, as Cowley discusses, making the best of it).We can call this patience, but at the same time, I think we can see, pace Callan to some extent, that such a process may in any number of cases also involve the kind of strength we describe as courage. People who are seriously injured and require extensive physical rehabilitation are sometimes praised for their courage in their efforts to endure the problems caused by their injuries, and to re-learn what they can, and to learn how to compensate for the abilities they have lost. Why call this courageous? First, there is the great endurance involved.Second, in such circumstances, we may be tempted to despair, to feel sorry for ourselves, and even be afraid to face our condition, afraid of failing, afraid to learn what our new physical limitations are, and afraid to think about living our lives, or returning to our everyday lives, beset with the problems incurred through our injuries. If we think of courage primarily as the (voluntary) facing of fears and dangers, then courage is involved in facing the fears above, but the need for patience is not very far behind. This isnt peculiar to this example, since many courageous acts are extended in time.Indeed, focusing on courageous acts that happen in an instant may obscure that many of our actions are in fact chains of action, stretches of activity, oriented toward some goal. Within such a stretch of time, the difference between a courageous and a rash action may come down to ones ability to wait and endure the anticipation of setting out into positive action. (And so, in many sports, great athletes are praised for their ability to wait for the game to come to themnot to take bad swings or shots or to throw bad punches.Consider how Kobe Bryant will sometimes bide his time for three quarters only to dominate the final twelve minutes, or Alis notorious rope-a-dope strategy for fatiguing his opponents. Not that we should exactly recommend Alis strategy to young boxers, for unfortunately obvious reasons of long-term health. ) So, courage and patience turn out not to be foes, or to show that there is disharmony amongst the virtues. And again, we see how in its quiet, unassuming way, patience reveals itself to be something of a silent partner as we seek to develop other virtues and strengths.Courage Every human being on this planet is given the gift of courage. However, there are very few that ever take advantage of this gift, and actually put it to good use. Courage is the ability to work ones way through a tough situation. Be it mental, or physical. We have all faced tough challenges before. The difference, however, is that some people tend to give up when the going gets rough, while others keep on. Courage is a necessity to the evolution of our people. Without courage, African-Americans would still be stuck in slavery.There would have been no one there to fight for the rights of the people we now consider our equals. Courage can be found in various forms. An amazing example of courage can be found in a soldier. They risk their lives every day simply to protect ours. We can even see courage in a fellow classmate one wh o is coping with the loss of a parent, fighting depression or even dealing with an eating disorder. As said earlier, it can be mental or physical. Courage is the only thing that gets us through the hard times, and the tempting opportunities.Without it, every one of us may have given into that cigarette in the 6th grade. Courage is vital to the evolution of the human population. It is also an essential quality to becoming a successful person. Courage is of two kinds physical and moral. The farmer is common to both man and beast but the latter belongs to man alone. Courage comes from the strength of mind or will. Physical courage depends on ones physical strength. A weak and sickly person is hardly seen to be physically courageous. Because his ill health does not permit him to take an aggressive view in life, although he may be mentally bold.But a person, who is bold and strong, both in body and mind, is normally found to be courageous. The question of physical courage arises in the e vent of any danger or difficulty that suddenly appears, when immediate protection or security from that fear of massacre or destruction demands physical courage. If a sudden fire breaks out in a house, or a dacoit is going to take place, physical courage becomes absolutely necessary in such critical moments. Without physical resistance with indomitable courage, it becomes impossible to save the situation.But moral courage is in no way inferior to the physical courage. It is, on the contrary, more important and glorious to possess moral courage. Moral courage is very rare. It is f0undl in one in a million. There are numerous instances where people have bravely used their physical courage and saved the life of a drowning man, or a house from burning in fire, by jumping courageously into the scene of danger. But there are few cases, where the common people are found to open their mouth against an unfair or unjust deed that they witness, because they lack moral courage. They are cowards without a backbone.Noble may be the cause in which physical courage is shown but nobler is the cause in which moral courage is displayed. Moral courage comes from a firm conviction that the possessor has in him. Let us take the case of Pandit Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar who is cognise for his noble character and moral courage. The man was highly educated, but hardly with any extraordinary physical strength yet he was endowed with tremendous moral courage. He did not hesitate to raise his voice of protest or even insult the wicked Europeans who used to rule the country then with enormouspower.He had also ignored all sorts of humiliation in the hands of his own countrymen, when he was determined to get the Bill for Hindu Widow Re-marriage passed by the Government. That goes to show his wonderful determination, moral courage and noble character. Galileo, the great scientist, had also to suffer imprisonment in his old age for the sake of his conviction. Men of moral courage never barter away their conscience, but put it before liberty, before reputation, even before life. They think of no danger, nor of death, when the alternative is a disgrace.They hate more to live as cowards than to face prosecution, imprisonment or death. It is these men who are the true makers of history. It is they who live in honour, die in glory, and have the privileges of being adored by all Courage is summoning strength in the face of lifes difficulties or, sometimes, lifes horrors. It means proceeding in spite of pain, cost, or risk. Courage is not the absence of fear, but the deliberate decision that action is necessary regardless. Courage acknowledges uncertainty, but perseveres because of conviction and resolve.It offers us focus and self-possession so we can call up our competencies to meet our challenges. Courage is not necessarily an outward act of heroism it can be purely internal, such as making the decision to be cheerful in grief, to adhere to values different from those aroun d us, or to give something another try. hrough my own experiences in life I have been able to define the true meaning of courage. Courage is to have the ability to know wright from wrong and stand up for what you believe in even in the face of great adversity.In my lifetime I have rarely been called upon to display courage, but I clearly remember one specific situation. I was fourteen years old and at one of my friends birthday parties. There were around seventy-five teenagers at the party, along with loud music and dancing. What I thought was going to be a great night, turned out to be the night my courage would be tested. As I was talking to some of my friends I noticed something was wrong with them. Shortly after, I noticed that their behavior was different, I realized that I was smelling the scent of marijuana.Before I knew it I was being offered some of their drugs. I thought about the consequences that were to come if I had said yes to their offer. I felt that if I had said ye s, I would have let down so many people, but most importantly myself. Having courage gave me the will to say no to the drugs and walk away from the peer pressure. In the novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, both Atticus Finch and Mrs. Dubose exemplify moral courage. Throughout the novel Atticus was portrayed as a man of great courage and integrity. Atticus had to discuss concepts with his daughter Scout when they were at Finch Landing.Scout wanted to know why Atticus was going to defend Tom Robinson if he already knew he was going to be defeated. Atticus then explained to Scout that, simply because Atticus and Scout were licked a hundred years before Atticus and Scout started is no reason for Atticus and Scout not to try to win (76). Atticus was demonstrating his courage by proving that no matter how hard things get, you should never give up, and that you should always fight for what you believe in. Atticus is shown as being courageous by demonstrating perseverance and standi ng up for what is right.Another example of how Atticus is courageous is when at Finch Landing, he explains to Scout that this time he knew that he was Fighting his friends, and no matter how bitter things get, they are still his friends and this is still his home(76). Atticus explanation to Scout was important because he had to reassure her that no matter the outcome of the trial they would still have their friends and there home. Even with all the pressure to quit the case, Atticus was determined to go up against all odds to ensure that justice would prevail. Atticus was a courageous, determined, and compassionate man.Along with Atticus, Mrs. Dubose is another prime example of a courageous person. Mrs. Dubose demonstrated courage when she decided to give up her morphine addiction. Mrs. Dubose died a slow painful death and when she was on her death bed, Mrs. Dubose reminded Atticus carefully, Mrs. Dubose was going to leave this world beholden to nothing and nobody (111). In this s ituation most people would not have been able to tolerate the pain and would have given in to the morphine. Mrs. Dubose could have easily chosen to take the morphine and die with out so much agonizing pain, but she was too contrary.Her moral courage helped her to overcome her addiction. Mrs. Dubose was not only a courageous but also a selfless person. Jem had to learn this about her the hard way. Atticus questioned Jem, Son didnt you know what her fits were(111)? Mrs. Dubose chose not to tell anyone that she had been trying to give up the morphine. The withdraw made her have anger fits. She did not want to burden anyone with her problems. Mrs. Dubose let everyone believe that she was an angry, old, mean, terrible person. Still need to finish conclusion. patienceHave you ever wondered why certain people succeed and do well in certain situations while others dont? The reason is that those successful people have and have always had a certain characteristics that help them to do so. The se characteristics are called virtues. A virtue is a characteristic of a person which supports individual moral excellence and collective well being. One of the most important virtues that helps individuals progress and succeed is patience. This is because patience helps one make good decisions, prevents one from giving up, and helps develop empathy and compassion.First and foremost patience helps us make good decisions. The reason for this is by being patient you have a clear mind to think through the possible results of your actions. Everyone has stress and has been in stressful situations but the way we respond to the stress is what defines our future success. In order to become successful people have had to make tough decisions regarding their futures and without patience they would not have been able to do so. For example Bill Gates, the richest man in the world, made the decision to drop out of college in order to pursue his dreams of creating a software company.In its early s tages he faced much adversity for his decision but he stuck with it and his patience helped him to become one of the wealthiest and most successful people ever. Along with decision making patience also prevents one from giving up. This is as a result of keeping your goals consistent regardless of how difficult or the time it takes to reach them. One of the greatest examples of success through patience Is Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. He is one of the most influential people that have ever lived. Dr. Kings goal which was simple but seemed impossible at the time was to end discrimination and unify our nation